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JAN., 1878. THE CAMBRIAN REMEMBRANCER. 33 added the manufacture of chimney-tops, socket pipes, junctions, and of all kinds of sanitary ware, to the glaze and finish of which he has given much attention. •' Of a very similar kind, and deserving of much the same remarks, are the more recent works of Mr Bowers, and of Mr Seacombe nearer to the village of Ruabon. "These gentlemen, with Mr Edwards, have hitherto been the chief producers of sewage, drain¬ age, and sanitary appliances in North Wales. The bricks from all the works command a large sale. " A little further to the west of the Tref-y-nant works we are at Garth Trevor and on the lower edge of the coal measures. Here, from the shaly and iron attuned clays and sandstones that lie between the Chwarele and lowest coals, Mr Charles Ma^on produces large quantities of good sound and serviceable cherry-red bricks, which are well adapted for all ordinary building purposes. The clay of the ' Oliwarele coal' occurs abundantly on this propeity. Its productions are of much the same character as those of Llwyneinion clay, and it is well adapted for ordinary pottery use. It has not, however, as yet, been worked to any extent by Mr Mason, as it Iihs in the adjoining Chwarele works, of which little can be said just now, except that through the vicissitudes of trade, operations were recently sus¬ pended. " Up the hill to the north, and situated about two miles to the west of the village of Ruabon, are the more recently developed works of Messrs Smith and Thomas, at Plas Uelu'. This firm works the clays associated with the ' wall and bench' seams of coal, which here are adapted for use, and yield good bricks of a pale yellow colour that are rapidly finding their way into the market. " More recent still are the works at Plas-yn- wern, the property of Mr G. H. Whalley, M.P., and which promise to bo among the most extensive of the district. Various clays, from the ' Quaker' downwards are intended to be used at these works. " At Ponkey, further north, good, hard, palo red bricks are made from the clays in the refuse heaps of old coal-pits, and one or two works are in the early sUges of growth." The article concludes with a notice of the Llay IIall Colliery and Brickworks, where, " in addition to the use of the clays from the lower coal seams, the owners intend to work the series of clays and shales that lie in the middie series between the • Cef n' or ' Minera sandstone,' and the ' Cefn' or ' stinking' coal ;" and the numerous works in Buckely mountain, where several kinds of clay are worked. Underneath the whole " there is a bed of fine yellow clay which has long been used for the common though useful kind of pottery ware for which the place is famous. A bed of the same character, and occupying just the same position, has also been worked for many years at Cefn, near Ruabon." " On the northern Blope of Buckley mountain, and lying between it and the river Dee, is the Aston Hall Colliery and Brickworks, on the pro¬ perty of the Right" Honourable W. E. Gladstone, M.P. A beautiful, rich-coloured, yellowish brick is made here from the clays of ' wall and bench coaV as at Plas Ucha\ near Ruabon. These bricks may be seen to advantage in some of the best buildings at Rhyl and other towns on the north coast of Wales ; they form a nice contrast to and in combination with the dark red bricks from the' red marls' at Penybont." At one time there were extensive works at Bagillt where a common sort of earthenware was manu¬ factured, and for Borne years they were profitably worked. I have heard it stated, that the clayey refuse from the coal when ground could be converted into excellent bricks, pots, slabs and other useful articles, and if small capitalists only turned their attention to the refuse heaps, to be met with here¬ abouts they might be used up for the purposes mentioned at a considerable money gain. A Mineu. ODDS AND ENDS. The Bitlkeleys op Beaumaris.—Mr Earwaker of Withington, near Manchester, has just published the first volume of his interesting " History of East Cheshire," and upon page 175 of that work I find an account of the first Bulkeley who settled at Beau¬ maris. The first Sir Richard was Cheshire by birth, just as the last Sir Richard, our good and much loved countryman, was a Londoner by nativity. There is no doubt a vast amount of nonsense spoken and written about " old families," and particularly so by the moderns,who have nothing better than a name to boast of; but these Bulkeleys have a history as well as a name to be proud of, and the historic part re¬ lating to ancient families is the chief thing to think about. In 1349 Richard de Bulkelegh of Cheadle (in Cheshire) died, lie was the second son of one Robert, of Eaton, near Davenham, in the same county ; he married Asmes de Chedle, and this merry couple had two sons and two daughters. The great great grandson of Richard and Agnes. William de Bulkeley, was born in 1418 ; in 1440 be waa appointed constable of Beaumaris Castle; and was not very long there (we may be sure) before he was charmed by Ellen Griffith of Penrhyn, near Bangor, married her, and then carried her away to his Cheshire home to become the mother of six sons and four daughters. Their third son Rowland married Alice Beemsall of Beemsall in Lancashire, and in 1501 their eldest son Richard Bulkeley was born at Cheadle, and in due time he married Katherine, daughter of Sir William Griffith of Penrhyn, and so put another link into the Welsh chain which was destined to bind this family so closely to North Wales. In 1534 he was appointed Chamberlain of North Wales, another link in the same chain ; soon afterwards he was knighted, he settled at Beaumaris, and died there January 20th, 1546—7, and was buried there. His eldest son, another Richard, was born in 1529, and at Beaumaris I think; and thus the family became Welsh, and have so continued to this day, in that line of the house. It is a long time to look back upon—is the space of three hundred and fifty years. 1 bavo taken up the Welsh story of this eminent family as a study, and during that long period of time, how