II. ROMAN AND MEDIEVAL PERIODS REPORTS have been received of the discovery of a hitherto unknown Roman auxiliary fort at Caerphilly, and of the excavation of medieval sites at Caerphilly, Llandough- juxta-Cardifl, Llantrithyd and Lower Porthkerry. On Caerphilly, Mr. J. M. Lewis, of the Ancient Monu- ments Inspectorate, Ministry of Public Building and Works, reports that in May 1963, excavations adjoining Nantgarw Road, Caerphilly (SO 154873), intended to determine the extent of the Civil War earthworks to the north-west of the castle, brought to light the remains of a Roman auxiliary fort. The fort was situated on the highest ground in the Caerphilly basin and seems to have occupied about, four acres. Pottery evidence indicated that occupation began$. A.D. 75 and continued until the middle of the second century, The north and east defences were sectioned and proved to be ojf two periods. The first was represented by a ditch and a turf-and-clay rampart. Later the original ditch was filled in and the rampart fronted by a stone wall. Other features found were the intervallum road and the remains of at least one building. The interior of the fort had been extensively disturbed., First, a moat had been dug within the defences, probably to provide material to build a castle mound. Part of the adjoining fort area had probably been used as a bailey, as a small medieval building was found overlying the intervallum road. It was not possible to determine the date of this medieval activity. In the Civil War period further disturbance took place through the. construction of an artillery battery which takes up much of the fort area and is now the most conspicuous feature of this part of the castle area. Outside the visible Civil War remains there was an outwork in the form of a ditch fronting a bank with projecting bastions for cannon. The ditch had been dug along the line of the north ditch, of the Roman fort, and at the point where the section was dug had almost completely destroyed it.