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nurtured the connection between love for the Welsh language and British patriotism, in reaction to the radical politics of the industrializing town.140 Gwallter Mechain continued the practice of translating anti- Jacobin works into Welsh.141 'Britishness' and 'Welshness' were inter- changeable as political terms; Mechain translated 'true Briton' as 'ffyddlon Gymro'.142 The Welsh language would continue to be a medium for pro-British politics. HYWEL M. DAVIES Aberystwyth. 140 J. C. D. Clark, 'English History's Forgotten Context: Scotland, Ireland and Wales', The Historical Journal, 32 (1989), 225. 141 For example, W. Davies, Diwygiad neu Ddinystr: wedi ei dynnu allan o lyfr Saesneg a elwir REFORM or RUIN: a'i Gymmhwyso at Ddealldwriaeth y Cymry ■ (Croesoswallt, 1798). This was a Welsh adaptation of John Bowles, Reform or Ruin: Take your Choice (London, 1797). 142 Ibid., p.30.